Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, tamarta hydrogen waxay dib u soo noqotay mawduuc muhiim ah qaybta tamarta cusub. Warshadaha hydrogen waxaa si cad loogu taxay mid ka mid ah warshadaha soo koraya ee xudunta u ah horumarka, iyadoo ay weheliso waaxaha sida agabka cusub iyo dawooyinka cusub. Warbixinadu waxay xooga saarayaan baahida loo qabo in si firfircoon loo kobciyo matoorada koritaanka cusub, oo ay ku jiraan wax-soo-saarka noolaha, hawada ganacsiga, iyo dhaqaalaha joogga hoose, iyadoo si cad mudnaanta loo siinayo dardargelinta horumarinta warshadaha hydrogen markii ugu horeysay. Tani waxay hoosta ka xariiqaysaa awoodda ballaaran ee tamarta hydrogen.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, wax-soo-saarka hydrogen-ku-saleysan dhuxusha ayaa xukuma qaab-dhismeedka sahayda, xisaabinta 64%, oo ay ku xigto hydrogen ka-soo-saarka warshadaha (21%), hydrogen gaaska ku salaysan (14%), iyo habab kale (1%). Tani waxay daaha ka qaadaysaa in wax-soo-saarka hydrogen-ku-saleysan shidaalka uu haysto awood buuxda 99%, halka koronto-lalis-ku-saleysan "Heyrojiin cagaaran" iyo habab kale ay weli yar yihiin. Sidaa awgeed, xarumaha shidaal-celinta hydrogen ee hadda jira waxay ugu horreyn qaataan qaabka soo socda ee wax-soo-saarka-kaydinta-gaadiidka: Shirkadaha Petrochemical ee meelaha fog-fog waxay soo saaraan hydrogen ka soo baxa shidaalka fossil, ku cadaadi hydrogen cadaadiska hooseeya (sida caadiga ah ~ 1.5MPa) ~ 20MPa iyaga oo isticmaalaya kombaresarada, oo ku kaydi 22MPa taayirada tuubada. Haydaroojiinka ayaa markaa la geeyaa saldhigyada shidaalka, halkaas oo ay marayso cadaadis labaad ilaa 45MPa baabuurta unugyada shidaalka. Qaabkan kala qaybsan ayaa kordhiya kharashka gaadiidka, kharashaadka qalabka, iyo isticmaalka wakhtiga, halka ay ku hadhsan tahay wax-soosaarka "Hurjijiin cawlan" ku tiirsan shidaalka.
Intaa waxaa dheer, marka loo eego qawaaniinta hadda jirta, hydrogen waxa loo kala saaraa kiimiko khatar ah oo guban karta oo qarxisa. Natiijo ahaan, mashaariicda soo saarista hydrogen waxay inta badan ku urursan yihiin jardiinooyin kiimikaad fog leh oo leh badbaado adag iyo shuruudaha deegaanka.
Horumarinta tignoolajiyada korantada, qiimaha wax soo saarka ee hydrogen-ka cagaaran ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah hoos ugu dhacaya. Isla mar ahaantaana, siyaasadaha deegaanka sida "kaarboon sareynta iyo dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboonka" waxay wadaan hydrogen-ka cagaaran si ay u noqdaan jihada muhiimka ah ee horumarinta tamarta gaaska mustaqbalka. Hay'adda Tamarta Caalamiga ah ayaa saadaalisay in 2030, tignoolajiyada hydrogen-ka-yar ee kaarboon-yar sida korantada ay ku xisaabtami doonto 14% suuqa hydrogen, taasoo saameyn weyn ku yeelan doonta qaabeynta xarumaha shidaalka. Wax-soo-saarka ku-saleysan koronto-lalisyada, oo leh quudinteeda fudud oo la heli karo, waxay awood u siinaysaa wax-soo-saarka hydrogen ka baxsan jardiinooyin kiimikaad dhaqameed. Cadaadiska tooska ah ee goobta ayaa soo saaray hydrogen si loogu shubo baabuurta ayaa meesha ka saaraysa gaadiidka fogaanta iyo cadaadiska labaad, si wax ku ool ah u yareeya kharashka dhaqaalaha iyo wakhtiga.
Si loo waafajiyo silsiladda sahayda hydrogen-ku-salaysan ee shidaalka fossil-ku-salaysan, laba nooc oo kombaresarada diaphragm-ka ah ayaa hadda xukuma suuqa: 2) Kombaresarada saldhiga shidaalka oo leh 5-20MPa cadaadiska qaadashada iyo 45MPa cadaadiska dareeraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nidaamkan labada marxaladood ah wuxuu u baahan yahay hawl-qabad la isku dubariday oo labada cutub ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, marka cadaadiska dhululubada kaydinta hydrogen uu hoos u dhaco 5MPa, kombarada shidaalku waxay noqdaan kuwo aan shaqaynayn, taasoo keentay heerarka isticmaalka hydrogen hooseeyo.
Taas bedelkeeda, saldhigyada shidaal-ku-shubashada ee isku-dhafan ee hydrogen-ka ayaa muujinaya waxtar sare. Qaabkan, hydrogen ka soo baxa elektrolysis si toos ah ayaa loogu cadaadin karaa ~ 1.5MPa ilaa 45MPa iyadoo la isticmaalayo kombaresarada hal diaphragm ah, taas oo si weyn u yaraynaysa kharashka qalabka iyo wakhtiga. Heerarka cadaadiska hoose ee qaadashada (1.5MPa vs. 5MPa) sidoo kale waxay si weyn u wanaajisaa isticmaalka hydrogen.
Maaddaama tignoolajiyada elektiroonigga ah ay horumareyso, saldhigyada hydrogen isku-dhafka ah ayaa la filayaa inay helaan korsasho ballaaran, oo wadista baahida suuqa ee 1.5MPa-ila-45MPa kombaresarada diaphragm. Shirkaddayadu waxay haysataa nashqad dhamaystiran iyo awoodo wax soo saar si ay u bixiso xalal la habeeyey ee dhacdadan codsiga ah. Iyada oo saamiga sii kordhaya ee wax soo saarka hydrogen cagaaran, saldhigyada isku dhafan ayaa la saadaalinayaa inay sii kordhayaan, ballaarinta labadaba rajada codsiga ee kombaresarada diaphragm iyo faylalka wax soo saarka iyada oo la bixinayo xalal cusub oo shidaal.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caqabadaha ayaa weli sii socda horumarinta saldhigyada hydrogen isku dhafan iyo kombaresarada la xidhiidha, oo ay ku jiraan kharashyada korantada ee sarreeya, kala soocidda kiimikada khatarta ah ee hydrogen, iyo kaabayaasha hydrogen oo aan dhamaystirnayn. Si wax ku ool ah oo wax looga qabto arrimahan ayaa muhiim u noqon doona horumarinta hababka tamarta isku dhafan ee hydrogen.
Waqtiga boostada: Febraayo-27-2025